恒汇证券山河故人远道来丨库里申科：鹰击长空，铁翼划过最后航程

　　【编者按】2025年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。在这场关乎民族存续的战争中，来自五洲四海的国际友人，不畏艰险远渡重洋，以医疗救助、战地报道、技术支援等多种形式投身这场民族解放事业。大道不孤，白求恩大夫的手术刀、斯诺的新闻笔、拉贝的安全区等都是跨越国界的生命印记。《山河故人远道来》国际传播系列报道，以中英双语视频结合AI动画技术再现历史细节，致敬跨越国界的信念之光。

　　【Editor's Note】

　　2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. In this war that concerned the survival of the nation, international friends from all over the world braved dangers and crossed the seas to join the cause of national liberation in various forms such as medical aid, war reporting, and technical support. The path of righteousness is not lonely. Dr. Bethune's scalpel, Snow's journalistic pen, and Rabe's safety zone are all life marks that transcend national borders. The international communication series “From Afar Came the Unforgotten“ uses bilingual Chinese-English videos combined with AI animation technology to reproduce historical details and pay tribute to the light of belief that transcends national borders.

　　1939年秋，长江万州段波涛翻涌。在其上空中，一架遭到重创的苏联轰炸机如折翼之鹰剧烈颠簸。机舱内，大队长库里申科前襟尽染鲜血，左肩的弹孔剧痛钻心。下方，是密集的万县居民区与滚滚江流。生死一瞬，他猛推操纵杆，飞机毅然降落在开阔江面，在巨大水花中平稳迫降。飞机入水时，库里申科用尽最后力气命令同机的轰炸员和机枪手脱掉飞行服游向江边，并细心叮嘱：“记住两岸特征……将来，打捞飞机！”

　　这一沉，库里申科36岁的生命永远融入了长江，而他的抉择，为机组成员换得生机，更护佑了脚下万千素不相识的中国百姓。

　　战火中的援华“飞鹰”

　　抗日战争爆发时，中国空军飞行员和作战飞机的数量远少于日本，双方的空军力量极其悬殊。1937年《中苏互不侵犯条约》签订后，苏联开始通过出口战斗机和派遣志愿空军援助中国抗战。在苏联援华志愿航空队帮助下，中国空军的实力大大增强。库里申科就是苏联援华志愿航空队的一员。库里申科，1903年出生于乌克兰，原苏联飞行大队长。1939年，他和考兹洛夫受苏联政府派遣，来中国援助抗日。

　　“日本人为什么要来轰炸在大路两旁的田里安详恬静地劳作着的中国农民呢？“库里申科对中国人民苦难感同身受的悲悯，化为他搏击长空的无穷勇气。他肩负起培训中国飞行员的重要任务。起飞前，库里申科会为每一名中国飞行员讲清当天的飞行课目、操纵方法等，有时为了纠正偏差会连续带飞三四次。库里申科和战友们将一批批中国飞行员送上蓝天，用自己的鲜血和生命保卫着中国城市的安全。

　　武汉上空的雷霆之战

　　1939年10月3日，库里申科率领9架“达莎”奇袭了被日军占领的武汉汉口机场，且毫发无损地胜利返航。11天后，他再次领命出击日军在武汉的军事基地。这次轰炸袭击被日军称为“事变开始以来最大的损失”，共计炸毁敌人轰炸机66架，战斗机37架，汽油库1座，内存汽油5万加仑，弹药库4所，共计弹药3万余箱，救火车3辆，汽车40多辆；毙敌空军少佐2名，机械师60余名，陆海官兵300余名。

　　库里申科遭到日军机群拦截。激战中恒汇证券，他击落敌机6架。不幸的是，他的飞机遭到重创。库里申科单机冲出重围，向驻地西返，飞临万县（今重庆万州）上空时，飞机突然失去控制，马达轰鸣如闷雷，眼看就要砸向居民区。

　　库里申科深知飞机是国家财产，从万里之外补充何其艰难。为保全这架珍贵的“达莎”，更为了不伤及无辜的百姓，库里申科不顾个人安危，将飞机迫降在万县近郊的红砂碛江中。机组中除了库里申科由于身受重伤、体力不支沉江溺亡，其他机组人员都在当地老百姓的帮助下被救上岸。

　　鹰隼落江，信念不坠

　　二十多天后，库里申科的遗体在二十多里远的猫儿沱被打捞出水，安葬于万州太白岩山脚下，数千名群众前来哀悼。在下葬时，人们只知死去的是一名飞行员，不知其名，因此只在墓上做了一个飞机的标志。但历史并未让英名蒙尘。

　　1951年春天，万州人民募捐数万元购买了一架飞机，命名为“库里申科”号，飞赴朝鲜前线作战。

　　1958年7月7日，万州人民又新建了库里申科烈士墓。墓前碑文镌刻“在抗日战争中为中国人民而英勇牺牲的苏联空军志愿队大队长格里戈利·阿基莫维奇·库里申科之墓”。

　　1958年国庆前夕，库里申科的妻子和女儿受邀来到中国，周总理紧握她们的手郑重承诺：“中国人民永远不会忘记库里申科。”

　　山河铭记，浩气长存。在四年的援华战斗中，无数像库里申科一样坚毅勇敢的苏联战士同残暴的日本侵略者殊死搏斗，最终献出了年轻的生命。他们用自己的实际行动展现了国际共产主义精神。鹰隼落江，不落的是抗战到底的决心，不坠的是中国必胜的信念。

　　岁月流转，英雄的航迹在历史的天空愈发清晰，那是对正义与和平的永恒追寻，纵历万难，永不停航。中国人民将永远铭记这群年轻的“雄鹰”，曾在中国蓝天壮烈地飞过，以血肉之躯筑起了一道不朽的空中长城。

　　In the autumn of 1939, the Yangtze River at Wanzhou churned with grey-green waves. High above it, a Soviet bomber, battered and trailing smoke, lurched through the sky like an eagle with broken wings. Inside the cockpit, Squadron Leader Grigory Kulishenko's uniform was dark with blood; a bullet had torn through his left shoulder, and every breath brought a stab of pain. Below him, the densely packed streets of Wanxian and the swift, cold current waited. At the brink of death, he forced the control column forward. The bomber skimmed the water, struck with a thunderous splash, and came to rest in a long, foaming slide. As the river rushed in, Kulishenko used what strength remained to order his navigator and gunner:“Take off your flight jackets—swim! Remember the landmarks on both banks… one day, we'll salvage this aircraft.“

　　Then the river closed over him. At thirty-six, Kulishenko's life merged forever with the Yangtze, but his choice had given his crew a chance to live and spared the countless Chinese civilians on shore.

　　Flying Eagles amid the Flames of War恒汇证券

　　When the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, China's air force was vastly outnumbered, possessing far fewer pilots and combat aircraft than Japan, and the disparity in air power was overwhelming. After the signing of the 1937 Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, the Soviet Union began aiding China's war effort by exporting fighters and dispatching volunteer aviators. With the help of the Soviet Volunteer Group, the strength of the Chinese air force was greatly enhanced. Grigory Kulishenko was one of these Soviet volunteer pilots. Born in Ukraine in 1903, Kulishenko had been a squadron leader in the Soviet Air Force. In 1939, along with Kozlov, he was sent to China by the Soviet government to assist in the war against Japan.

　　“Why do the Japanese come to bomb Chinese peasants who are working peacefully and quietly in the fields along the roads?“ Kulishenko's profound empathy for the suffering of the Chinese people was transformed into boundless courage in the skies. He undertook the vital task of training Chinese pilots. Before every flight, Kulishenko explained the day's lesson, control techniques and procedures to each Chinese pilot; sometimes, to correct a deviation, he would lead the same pilot through three or four additional sorties. Together with his comrades, Kulishenko sent one group of Chinese pilots after another into the sky, defending China’s cities with his own blood and life.

　　The Thunder Battle over Wuhan

　　On 3 October 1939, Grigory Kulishenko led nine Soviet DB-3 bombers in a surprise raid on the Japanese-occupied Hankou airfield at Wuhan and returned without a single loss. Eleven days later he took off again to strike Japanese military installations in the same area. The attack was later described by the Japanese as “the greatest loss since the start of the incident.“ It destroyed 66 enemy bombers, 37 fighters, one gasoline depot holding 50,000 gallons of fuel, four ammunition dumps containing more than 30,000 crates of shells and bombs, three fire engines, and over 40 motor vehicles. Two Japanese air-force majors, more than 60 mechanics, and over 300 army and navy personnel were killed.

　　During the mission Kulishenko's formation was intercepted by Japanese fighters. In the fierce engagement, he personally shot down six enemy aircraft, but his own bomber was badly damaged. Flying alone out of the combat zone, he headed west toward his base. When he reached the skies over Wanxian (present-day Wanzhou, Chongqing), the plane suddenly became uncontrollable; the engines roared like muffled thunder as the aircraft plunged toward the residential quarters below.

　　Knowing that the bomber was irreplaceable state property, brought from thousands of kilometers away, and determined to spare the civilians on the ground, Kulishenko chose to risk his own life. He executed a forced landing on the Hongshaqi reach of the Yangtze just outside Wanxian town. The bomber settled onto the water, but Kulishenko, severely wounded and exhausted, lost consciousness and sank with the aircraft. The rest of the crew, aided by local residents, reached the riverbank and survived.

　　The Falcon Fell, the Faith Endures

　　More than twenty days later, Kulishenko’s body was recovered from Mao'ertuo, twenty li downstream, and laid to rest at the foot of Mount Taibaiyan in Wanzhou. Thousands of local people came to mourn. At the time they knew only that a pilot had died; his name was unknown, so a simple aircraft emblem was carved on the grave. Yet history did not allow his name to fade.

　　In the spring of 1951, the citizens of Wanzhou raised tens of thousands of yuan and purchased a combat aircraft, christening it “Kulishenko“ before sending it to the front in Korea.

　　On 7 July 1958, the people of Wanzhou built a new martyr's tomb for Kulishenko. Its inscription reads: “Grave of Colonel Grigory Akimovich Kulishenko, Commander of the Soviet Volunteer Air Group who heroically sacrificed his life for the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.“

　　On the eve of National Day 1958, Kulishenko's widow and daughter were invited to China. Premier Zhou Enlai clasped their hands and pledged solemnly: “The Chinese people will never forget Grigory Kulishenko.“

　　Mountains and rivers remember; his noble spirit endures. During four years of assistance to China, countless resolute and courageous Soviet airmen fought to the death against the brutal Japanese invaders, giving their young lives in the end. Their deeds embodied the spirit of international communism. The falcon fell into the river, but the will to fight on to victory never sank, and the conviction that China would prevail never wavered.

　　As years flow by, the hero's flight path grows ever clearer across history's sky—a timeless pursuit of justice and peace that, though tried by countless hardships, will never cease its onward course. The Chinese people will forever remember these young “falcons“ who once soared valiantly through China's skies, forging an immortal aerial shield with their flesh and blood.

　　（来源：央视新闻人民政协报新华网）